Myopia Screening and treatment
Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is a widespread eye condition that affects how light focuses on the retina. People with myopia can see nearby objects clearly, but distant objects appear blurry. With the rise in myopia cases globally—particularly among children—it’s essential to prioritize myopia screening and treatment to slow its progression and preserve vision.
What is Myopia?
Why is Myopia Screening Important?
Early detection through myopia screening is critical to managing the condition effectively and implementing early treatment strategies. Routine eye exams can identify myopia early, even before symptoms are noticeable.
Signs That May Indicate Myopia
Parents, teachers, or individuals should watch for these signs in children and adults:
- Squinting to see distant objects.
- Complaints of blurry vision when viewing objects far away.
- Difficulty reading road signs or seeing the TV clearly from a distance.
- Frequent headaches, especially during or after near work.
Regular eye exams can confirm myopia even if no symptoms are evident.
Treatment Options for Myopia
1. Prescription Lenses
Prescription glasses or contact lenses are the most common way to manage myopia and correct blurred vision.
a) Single-Vision Glasses/Contact Lenses:
These lenses allow a person to see clearly at a distance by focusing light properly on the retina.
b) Orthokeratology (Ortho-K):
Orthokeratology involves wearing specialized rigid contact lenses overnight that temporarily reshape the cornea to correct vision.
- Benefits: Ortho-K allows patients to see clearly during the day without needing glasses or contact lenses.
- Limitations: Results are temporary; the lenses must be worn regularly.
2. Myopia Control Strategies
a) Atropine Eye Drops
- Low-dose atropine drops (0.01% to 0.05%) are prescribed to children to slow myopia progression.
- These drops are safe, effective, and can reduce the elongation of the eyeball.
- Treatment usually involves nightly use.
b) Lifestyle and Environmental Changes
Encouraging outdoor activity has been shown to slow myopia progression. Studies suggest that exposure to natural sunlight helps regulate dopamine levels, which in turn may limit eye elongation.
- Recommended: At least 2 hours of outdoor activity per day.
c) Reducing Near Work
Prolonged near work (reading, using devices, etc.) can worsen myopia. Tips include:
- Taking regular breaks from near work using the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
- Ensuring proper lighting during reading or studying.
3. Surgical Interventions (for Severe Cases)
In advanced myopia cases that are no longer manageable with lenses or lifestyle changes, surgical options may be considered.
Laser Vision Correction:
Surgical techniques like LASIK or PRK may correct vision in adults with stable myopia. These procedures reshape the cornea to allow light to focus properly on the retina.
Preventive Measures for Myopia
While myopia can’t always be prevented, the following strategies can reduce the risk of developing or worsening it:
- Encourage time outdoors: Sunlight exposure helps regulate eye growth and myopia progression.
- Limit screen time: Reduce prolonged exposure to digital devices and ensure proper ergonomics.
- Ensure good lighting for near work: Avoid reading or studying in dim lighting conditions.
- Adopt a healthy diet: Nutritional factors can impact eye health. A diet rich in vitamins A, C, and E, along with omega-3 fatty acids, supports vision health.